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Frank Henderson Mayfield (June 23, 1908 – January 2, 1991), was an American neurosurgeon and founder of the Mayfield Clinic and Spine Institute in Cincinnati, Ohio. A pioneer in brain and spine surgery, he invented the spring aneurysm clip and the Mayfield skull clamp. Mayfield is best known for his clinical interests in peripheral nerve and spine injuries, development of neurosurgical instruments, and medical politics. ==Biography== Frank H. Mayfield was born in Garnett, South Carolina on June 23, 1908. Yet, most of his childhood years were enjoyed on a farm near Norlina, North Carolina, the family's homeplace for seven generations. He obtained his undergraduate degree from the University of North Carolina and planned for a career in public health until neurosurgery caught his interest. At the Medical College of Virginia, he was a student of Claude Coleman, a pioneer in neurosurgery. Upon completion of residency in 1935, he served as a graduate fellow and instructor at the University of Louisville under Roy Glenwood Spurling.〔Tew JM: Frank H. Mayfield, M.D., 1908–1991. J Neurosurg 75(3):347-8, 1991〕 In 1937 Joseph Evans, MD, and Frank H. Mayfield, MD, were final candidates for a new position to head the neurosurgery division within the University of Cincinnati Department of Surgery. Mont Reid selected Evans for the academic post. Mayfield was about to return home when Sister Theodora offered him a position to start neurosurgery services at Good Samaritan Hospital. He accepted and on July 1, 1937 he moved to Cincinnati from Louisville and began his community-based practice. Within a year Mayfield had so many patients that he was often working 90 hours a week, with 7 to 8 cases a day and frequent late-night trips to rural hospitals. He had a driver and slept en route. He had to carry a large bag of neurosurgical instruments everywhere he operated. This sparked his ingenuity to invent instruments for the new field of neurosurgery. Soon after arriving in Cincinnati, Mayfield was called to war. From 1942 to 1945 he served as Chief of Neurosurgery at Percy Jones General Hospital under General Norman Kirk. More than 25,000 cases of major nerve injuries were treated during this time. Senator Bob Dole was a patient. Mayfield wrote numerous papers and a book about the treatment of causalgia (intense pain resulting from wounds to peripheral nerves) with surgical sympathectomy. In 1948 Joseph Evans established the first neurosurgery residency program at the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine. In collaboration with Frank Mayfield, the program was expanded with the addition of neurosurgery departments at The Christ Hospital and Good Samaritan Hospital. The joint neurosurgical residency training program enabled residents to rotate and benefit from the strengths of both the University (Cincinnati General Hospital) under Evans's leadership and the community hospitals (Good Samaritan and Christ) under Mayfield's leadership. After the war, Mayfield assumed leadership roles in numerous medical associations. His clinical practice and partnership rapidly expanded. In the 1960s Ohio law allowed limited partnerships but not professional corporations. Taxation and malpractice insurance led the group to challenge the IRS and file for incorporation. In 1971 Mayfield, Lotspeich, Hunter and Budde, Ltd. became the first physician group in Ohio to incorporate.〔(Frank Mayfield Biography )〕 In the national arena of organized medicine, Mayfield and his colleagues wisely perceived that the neurosurgical profession in America did not possess a unified voice. As president of the Harvey Cushing Society, he addressed this issue by gathering his political forces and diplomatically making plans. During his Presidential Address in 1965, he proclaimed that henceforth the Harvey Cushing Society would be the official voice of neurosurgery in the United States. He went on to suggest that a sub name be added, the American Association of Neurological Surgeons. The speech, which became known as the "Mayfield Proclamation," transformed the Cushing Society into the AANS.〔Hauber CH, Philips CA: The Evolution of Organized Neurological Surgery in the United States. (Cyber Museum of Neurosurgery )〕 Perhaps Frank Mayfield’s greatest local political impact was his three-decade crusade to defuse the town versus gown conflicts between the University and its private hospital competitors. In 1951 Mayor Cash asked Mayfield to join the UC Board of Directors with one charge – to make the community hospitals surrounding the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati General Hospital a part of the University Center. In 1967 Mayfield drafted a Master Plan for Walter Langsam, President of the University. At the time, UC was not ready for such a plan. Not until 1982 did changes in leadership allow elements of Mayfield’s Master Plan to come to fruition. In 1973, upon his 65th birthday and by pre-arrangement, Mayfield yielded control of the practice. The group renamed the practice Mayfield Neurological Institute, Inc. in his honor. Today it is known as the Mayfield Clinic & Spine Institute. Dr. Mayfield died on January 2, 1991, at Good Samaritan Hospital. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Frank Henderson Mayfield」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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